In Gaza, public criticism of Hamas is growing, both on the streets and online.
Some have openly criticized Hamas for hiding hostages in apartments near busy markets and for firing rockets at civilian areas.
Residents told the BBC that it had become common to hear people hurling insults and curses at Hamas leaders in the market, while donkey cart drivers nicknamed their animals after the Gaza-based Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar and urge their animals forward by shouting “Yara, Sinwar!”
“People say, ‘Hamas destroyed us,’ or even pray to God to take their lives,” one man said.
“They ask what the purpose of the October 7 attacks was. Some say it was a gift to Israel.”
Some are even urging leaders to agree to a ceasefire with Israel.
There are still those in Gaza who remain fiercely loyal to Hamas, and it is difficult to know how much support it has lost after years of repressive control, or how much more its former opponents have become able to speak their minds.
But a senior Hamas official informally acknowledged in an interview with the BBC months ago that support was falling because of the war.
Even some of those receiving salaries within the group are wavering.
A senior Hamas official told the BBC that the Hamas attack was a “crazy, uncalculated leap”.
He asked that his identity be kept secret.
“What I learned from working in the Hamas government was that they were well prepared militarily for an attack, but they neglected the domestic situation,” he said.
“They haven’t built a single safe shelter for people, and they haven’t stockpiled enough food, fuel or medicine. If my family and I survive this war, I’ll leave Gaza. It’s the first chance I get.”
